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Prageru’S “A Acre Of Immigrants” Video Has Serious Problems

By Alex Nowrasteh

Prager University (PragerU), founded past times radio talk-show host Dennis Prager in addition to Allen Estrin, is a non-profit that makes curt videos on political, economic, cultural, in addition to philosophical topics from a conservative perspective.  Last month, PragerU released a video called “A Nation of Immigration” narrated by Michelle Malkin, an private most famously known for her defense of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.  The video is poorly framed, rife alongside errors in addition to half-truths, leaves out a lot of relevant information, in addition to comes to an anti-legal immigration determination that is unsupported past times the evidence presented inward the remainder of the video.  Below are quotes in addition to claims from the video followed past times my responses.

The U.S. nevertheless maintains the most generous [immigration] policies inward the world.  Generous to a fault … 

There are 2 things incorrect alongside the statement.  The foremost is framing around the give-and-take “generous” in addition to the 2d is the claim that the U.S. has the freest immigration policy inward the world.  

Using the give-and-take “generous” implies that allowing legal immigration is an human activity of charity past times Americans in addition to that nosotros incur a net-cost from such openness.  On the contrary, the economical evidence is clear that Americans exercise goodness considerably from immigration via higher wages, lower authorities deficits, more innovation, their greater entrepreneurship, housing prices, in addition to higher returns to capital.  

Most immigrants come upward hither for economical reasons.  In what sense is it generous or charitable on the business office of Americans to allow an immigrant to come upward hither voluntarily in addition to to operate for an American employer?  Not solely exercise both the employer in addition to the immigrant gain; the consumers, investors, in addition to economic scheme exercise equally well.    

Second, the U.S. does non allow to a greater extent than legal immigrants to go into annually inward comparing to other countries.  When controlling for the population size of the finish the world (excluding Turkey), the annual flow of immigrants to the U.S. is the 25th most opened upward amid the OECD countries inward 2016 (Figure 1).  Unlike other countries inward the list, the OECD records the number of non-permanent migrants who entered the U.S. inward 2016.  Adding together the permanent immigrants in addition to non-permanent migrants for the United States only and in addition to then comparing that novel number to the permanent immigrant inflows inward other OECD countries, which I am solely doing to plough over Malkin the exercise goodness of the doubt, turns the U.S. into the 20th most “generous” OECD country.  

Malkin in all likelihood meant that the U.S. lets inward a greater absolute number of immigrants per twelvemonth than whatever other the world inward the Earth – which is true.  But that’s non a meaningful statistic unless nosotros command for the resident population of every country. Analyzing cross-country comparisons inward Gross Domestic Product (GDP) makes this betoken well.  According to the World Bank, the 2017 gross domestic product for the U.S. inward electrical flow dollars is $19.391 trillion in addition to China’s is $12.238 trillion. By that measure, the U.S. is solely 58 percent richer than China.  However, that is deceptive because the population of mainland People's Republic of China is nigh 4.3 times equally non bad equally the United States. Thus, the to a greater extent than meaningful gross domestic product comparing betwixt the 2 countries controls for population – a stair out called gross domestic product per capita. H5N1 cross-country stair out of gross domestic product per capita shows that Americans are individually 674 percent richer than private Chinese. (There are other of import variables for cross-country comparisons inward gross domestic product per capita, such a Purchasing Power Parity, but they aren’t relevant to the betoken here). In the same agency that nosotros must conform for the population when comparing gross domestic product betwixt mainland People's Republic of China in addition to the United States, nosotros must also command for population size when comparing the relative openness of immigration policies across the world.

Another relevant comparing to evaluate our country’s openness to immigration is to America’s past times when the U.S. had a much to a greater extent than opened upward immigration system. The number of immigrants who received light-green cards inward 2016 was 1,183,505, below the 1,218,480 who arrived inward 1914 when the U.S. was a much smaller the world (I picked 1914 because that was the concluding twelvemonth before World War I seriously express European emigration). According to research by my colleague David Bier, the number of immigrants receiving light-green cards today is depression compared to most of American history. The number of immigrants who received light-green cards inward 2016 was equal to nigh one-third of i percent of the U.S. population – below the average annual charge per unit of measurement of 0.45 percent from 1820 to today. In xix years, to a greater extent than oft than non inward the mid-late 19thand early on 20th centuries, the annual number of light-green cards issued was equal to at to the lowest degree 1 percent of the U.S. population.  Through comparing to America’s past times in addition to controlling for the number of residents over fourth dimension past times the fourth dimension dimension itself, the electrical flow number of immigrants receiving light-green cards is relatively small.    

Figure 1
Annual Permanent Immigrant Inflows equally a Percent of the Destination Country’s Population, 2016

 

Sources: OECD in addition to World Bank. 

… the overwhelming numbers [of immigrants] remove hold stymied our might to assimilate the huddled masses.

 There’s never been a greater quantity of high-quality quantitative interrogation that shows that immigrants are assimilating in addition to becoming Americans at a rapid clip.  The foremost slice of such interrogation is the National Academy of Science’s (NAS) September 2015 volume titled The Integration of Immigrants into American Society. This 520-page volume is a thorough addition of the relevant academic literature on immigrant assimilation. The bottom draw of the book: Assimilation is never perfect in addition to ever takes time, but it’s going really good inward the United States. 

The 2d slice of interrogation is a July 2015 volume entitled Indicators of Immigrant Integration 2015 that analyses immigrant in addition to second-generation integration using 27 measurable indicators across the OECD in addition to EU. This study finds problems alongside immigrant assimilation inward Europe, particularly for those from exterior of the European Union, but the findings for the U.S. are positive.  In comparing to Europe in addition to the remainder of the OECD, immigrants inward the U.S. are assimilating really well. 

The third work by University of Washington economist Jacob Vigdor offers a historical perspective.  He compares modern immigrant civic in addition to cultural assimilation to the story of immigrant assimilation inward the early on 20th century (an before draft of his volume chapter is here while the published version is available inward this collection).  For those of us who hollo back early on 20th century immigrants from Italy, Russia, Poland, Eastern Europe, in addition to elsewhere assimilated successfully, Vigdor’s determination is reassuring: 

“While in that location are reasons to hollo back of contemporary migration from Spanish-speaking nations equally distinct from before waves of immigration, evidence does non back upward the notion that this moving ridge of migration poses a truthful threat to the institutions that withstood those before waves.  Basic indicators of assimilation, from naturalization to English linguistic communication ability, are if anything stronger straight off than they were a century ago [emphasis added].”

50 meg residents of America are foreign-born.  In fact, today the U.S. has to a greater extent than immigrants equally a per centum of its total population than at whatever fourth dimension since 1890. 

According to the 2016 U.S. Department of State, the authorities is accepting light-green menu applications for sure family-based light-green cards (F-1 through F-4) for those who remove hold a priority appointment before the dates below (Table 1). The F-2A visa is for the spouses in addition to little children of those who already remove hold light-green cards in addition to is effectively capped at 87,934 per year. Those who had a priority appointment for the F-2A before Dec 1, 2017, tin straight off apply for a light-green card. This is dissimilar other family-based light-green menu categories. The hold off fourth dimension is over xx years for Mexicans in addition to Filipinos on the F3 in addition to F4 light-green cards in addition to for Mexicans on the F1. These long waits intend that about 4 million people were waiting to apply for a family-based light-green menu at the terminate of 2017. 

Table 1
Dates for Filing Family-Sponsored Visa Applications Based on Priority Dates 

Family- Sponsored	Other Countries	China	India	Mexico	Philippines
F1	08MAR12	08MAR12	08MAR12	01SEP98	15FEB08
F2A	01DEC17	01DEC17	01DEC17	01DEC17	01DEC17
F2B	22MAR14	22MAR14	22MAR14	08JUN97	15DEC07
F3	22SEP06	22SEP06	22SEP06	08OCT98	01AUG95
F4	01MAY05	01MAY05	01JAN05	01JUN98	01DEC95

 Source: U.S. Department of State.

Third, the long hold off times inward Table 1 intend that Americans tin solely sponsor some of their job solid unit of measurement members. The long waits discourage many from applying in addition to some genuinely drib dead spell waiting. Malkin mentioned a Princeton say that that was largely driven past times high skilled employment-based immigrants sponsoring their families because these high-skilled immigrants are to a greater extent than probable to live on naturalized. It was non driven non past times family-based immigrants who sponsored additional job solid unit of measurement members.  

Fourth, the legal immigration organisation is extremely complex in addition to restrictive.  Family members of American citizens or immigrants are non just waved in.  Rutgers constabulary professor Elizabeth Hull wrote, “With solely a little story of hyperbole, the immigration laws remove hold been termed ‘second solely to the Internal Revenue Code inward complexity.’ H5N1 lawyer is oft the solely somebody who could thread the labyrinth.”  H5N1 judge wrote that “This illustration vividly illustrates the labyrinthine grapheme of modern immigration law-a maze of hyper-technical statutes in addition to regulations that engender waste, delay, in addition to confusion for the Government in addition to petitioners alike.”  

Figure 2 is a simplified legal map of the light-green menu system.  People watching the PragerU video could larn the impression that it is piece of cake to immigrate to the U.S. but that is a myth rooted inward mainstream American perceptions of our history, non an accurate recounting of electrical flow constabulary in addition to policy. 

Figure 2
Legal Immigration System

 

Source: Immigration Road.

Fifth, the U.S. has the 7th most opened upward family-based immigration organisation when compared to OECD countries. According to my own estimates, New Zealand, Sweden, Ireland, Australia, Norway, in addition to Canada all allowed to a greater extent than family-based immigrants inward 2013 than the U.S. did, statistically discussed equally a per centum of their respective populations. Those countries allowed inward fewer types of job solid unit of measurement relations but, because they allowed inward to a greater extent than legal immigrants overall, the relative per centum of family-based immigrants was also higher.  

Sixth, the legal family-based immigration organisation (also known equally chain migration) was created past times Congress inward 1921 when they placed the foremost numerical caps on European immigrants that favored Northern in addition to Western Europeans based largely on long-discredited eugenics theories.  When the immigration organisation was slightly liberalized after the Immigration in addition to Naturalization Act of 1965 went into effect, immigration restrictionists were the ones who argued for expanding family-based immigration. Tom Gjelten provides substantial evidence that immigration restrictionists inward the 1960s favored expanding chain migration because most immigrants at the fourth dimension were Europeans. Thus, the restrictionists idea that a novel immigration organisation based on job solid unit of measurement reunification would to a greater extent than oft than non allow European immigrants to sponsor their job solid unit of measurement members in addition to basically recreate the caps that favored Northern in addition to Western Europeans at the detriment of other populations. These immigration restrictionists seriously miscalculated. 

In addition, an estimated 100,000 refugees in addition to asylum-seekers–people who claim to live on fleeing political or personal strife abroad–enter the the world annually.

Malkin is double-counting. Those 100,000 refugees in addition to asylum-seekers that she mentions eventually larn light-green cards, which she stated inward a higher identify amount to nigh 1 meg a year. Thus, these 100,000 refugees in addition to asylum-seekers are non “in addition” to the i meg who earn permanent residency a twelvemonth equally they are eventually counted equally permanent residents. Over the concluding several years, about half of the light-green cards issued were to those who came straight from abroad in addition to the other one-half went to immigrants already hither on some other visa – a procedure termed “adjustment of status.”  

Furthermore, high schoolhouse education, its equivalent, or 2 years of qualifying operate sense equally defined nether provisions of U.S. law.  It is only inaccurate to province that they “don’t demand a high schoolhouse education, labor skills, – or pretty much anything.”  This is some other factual mistake that PragerU should correct. 

The number of illegal aliens inward the the world is unremarkably given equally xi million, but remove hold yous noticed that number never seems to change?  Common sense suggests it’s higher – much higher. 

H5N1 recent paper published inward the magazine PLoS ONE claims that the actual number of illegal immigrants inward the U.S. is probable betwixt 16.2 in addition to 29.5 million.  Their finding is dubious for several reasons as explained by immigration researchers on both sides of this issue.  Millions of additional illegal immigrants would remove hold lots of births that are non currently recorded, create total the populace schools alongside additional children who are non currently there, in addition to would demo upward inward surveys of work in addition to the workforce.  Either these extra illegal immigrants remove hold null children in addition to exercise non work, or they are only non here.  

But, let’s assume for the minute that Malkin’s “common sense” theory turns out to live on truthful in addition to in that location genuinely are millions to a greater extent than illegal immigrants than demographers estimate. That would intend that illegal immigrants are far less probable to commit crimes than natives, remove hold an fifty-fifty smaller effect on the reward of Americans, in addition to are assimilating at a rapid pace. I don’t believe that Malkin intends to brand this betoken but, if she’s correct, in addition to then she’s helped examine that illegal immigrants are amid the safest people inward America in addition to are assimilating rapidly.    

And though illegal aliens themselves don’t qualify for welfare, they have costless wellness tending inward our clinics in addition to hospitals, in addition to through their American-born children they tin aspect to have all fashion of benefits – cash aid, nutrient stamps, in addition to housing vouchers.  Their children are entitled to a costless teaching inward populace schools.

Malkin is right that some illegal immigrants in addition to their children exercise have some welfare benefits but much less so than natives. Still, welfare is a job in addition to I’ve co-authored several pieces on how to build a wall around the welfare state instead of around the country. If welfare is a existent concern, it is a lot easier to reform welfarethan it is to tinker alongside the U.S. population through immigration controls inward an historic menstruum of low-cost transportation. I similar to quip that immigration restrictionists purpose the welfare organisation to debate against immigration spell existent free-marketeers purpose immigration to debate against welfare.    

Building a high-tech border barrier would sure assist stalk this flow. Ending chain migration is some other obvious remedy. 

Malkin’s declaration hither conflates illegal in addition to legal immigration. H5N1 border wall could solely potentially hinder the flow of illegal immigrants into the U.S. but “ending chain migration” would cutting legal immigration. Although Malkin isn’t specific inward her video, her proposition could cutting the number of light-green cards issued annually by 20 percent to 68 percent (and potentially more depending on how it is counted).  

Many conservatives rightly complain nigh pro-immigration advocates unfairly lumping inward legal in addition to illegal immigrants – hence why is Malkin unfairly lumping policies to halt illegal immigration inward alongside those to cutting legal immigration without making an obvious distinction betwixt the two?  Just to live on clear, family-based immigrants who larn inward through the chain migration organisation are legal immigrants.  

E-Verify, the national database that allows employers to banking venture check workers’ immigration status, is also essential.

E-Verify is non a database. It is an electronic eligibility for work verification organisation run past times the federal authorities that is supposed to banking venture check the identity information of novel hires against authorities databases to deny work to those legally ineligible to work. The intent of E-Verify is to exclude illegal immigrant workers from the workforce to dis-incentivize them from coming inward the foremost place.  

Many immigration restrictionists sing E-Verify’s praises but they rarely address its deep in addition to persistent problems. Even worse, they never admit that E-Verify is ineffective. Barely to a greater extent than than half of the new hires inward states where E-Verify is mandated are genuinely run through it, E-Verify erroneously approves about 54 percent of illegal workers for legal employment, E-Verify doesn’t behave upon the reward of illegal immigrants much, in addition to in that location are a host of other problems. Additionally, Arizona’s mandate of E-Verify in 2008 may remove hold increased crime there, in addition to a nationwide mandate of E-Verify will likely increment identity theft. Even worse, E-Verify’s supporters remove hold stoked high expectations for the programme that volition never live on met. The best thing nigh E-Verify is that it does non operate really good in addition to tin never operate good equally currently designed. The worst thing nigh E-Verify is how Congress volition react if, after it mandates the programme for all novel hires, they notice out that it does non operate in addition to and then they create a to a greater extent than intrusive authorities identity system.  

But all solutions volition ultimately neglect unless nosotros larn command of the numbers in addition to enforce our laws consistently. 

Malkin is arguing for enforcing immigration laws to a greater extent than consistently in addition to changing those laws to cutting legal immigration.  Her rhetorical conflation of these 2 points is misleading in addition to does a disservice to her audience who would in all likelihood similar to distinguish legal immigration from illegal immigration.  

Also, cutting the number of legal immigrants volition brand it harder to enforce immigration laws.  Immigrants overwhelmingly come upward to the U.S. for economical opportunity. If they can’t come upward legally, in addition to then some per centum of them volition come upward illegally. Creating a legal agency for them to come upward or, at a minimum, non cutting those few legal avenues that exercise be is essential to consistently enforcing our laws.  

In the 1950s, the U.S. authorities decreased the number of illegal Mexican immigrants past times nigh xc percent past times combining a massive expansion inward invitee worker visas through the Bracero programme alongside to a greater extent than enforcement. At the time, a Border Patrol official warned that if the Bracero programme was ever “repealed or a restriction placed on the number of braceros allowed to go into the United States, nosotros tin aspect forwards to a large increment inward the number of illegal alien entrants into the United States.” That is just what happened when Congress canceled the Bracero programme inward 1964.

It’s Sovereignty 101: This is our abode in addition to nosotros remove hold non solely the right, but the responsibility, to decide who comes in, how many come upward in, in addition to what qualities in addition to qualifications they bring. 

There are few scholars who dubiousness that the U.S. authorities has the legitimate constitutional might to regulate immigration, but the specific immigration policy that Congress chooses has little to exercise alongside national sovereignty as unusual governments exercise non remove hold a manus inward it. 

The standard Weberian definition of a authorities is an establishment that has a monopoly (or close monopoly) on the legitimate purpose of violence within a sure geographical area. The agency it achieves this monopoly is past times keeping out other competing sovereigns (a.k.a. governments, countries, nations, etc.) that seek to go that monopoly of legitimate coercion. The 2 top dog ways our authorities does that is past times keeping the militaries of other sovereigns out of the U.S. in addition to past times stopping insurgents or potential insurgents from seizing might through violence in addition to supplanting the U.S. government. 

U.S. immigration laws are non primarily designed or intended to proceed out unusual armies, spies, or insurgents. The top dog effect of our immigration laws is to forestall willing unusual workers from selling their labor to willing American purchasers. Such economical controls exercise non assistance inward the maintenance of national sovereignty in addition to relaxing or removing them would non infringe upon the government’s national sovereignty whatever to a greater extent than than a policy of unilateral costless merchandise would. There are private exceptions to this similar an immigrant who is a terrorist or an agent of a unusual government, but those are rare exceptions even for illegal immigrants. 

Less-than-perfect enforcement of our immigration laws does non diminish national sovereignty because those coming are non agents of unusual governments or other groups trying to conquer the U.S. in addition to diminish our government’s monopoly on the purpose of violence. It would live on an strange touchstone to debate that whatever less-than-perfect enforcement of American laws diminishes sovereignty, fifty-fifty if those laws are largely intended to regulate Americans’ interaction alongside foreigners who are non a national safety threat. Less-than-perfect enforcement is evidence that Congress is either uninterested and/or incapable of doing hence better, non that national sovereignty is somehow infringed.  

It’s non intend to protect our borders.  It’s non intend to protect our citizens. 

This depends on how the authorities conducts border safety relative to the seriousness of the threat. It’s piece of cake to debate that the U.S. government’s policy of separating the immature children of asylum seekers from their parents is an activity far crueler than what activity is required to bargain alongside the manageable threats of crime and terrorism. Previous administrations have cruelly blocked immigrants on dubious grounds that i should telephone phone hateful. Proponents of those laws sure idea they protected American citizens. Almost all of us would back upward really roughshod policies to defend the U.S. from non bad in addition to serious threats but having a roughshod policy for no skillful ground isn’t reasonable. 

It’s non intend to protect our values.

One of our heart in addition to soul American values is an openness to immigration, equally Malkin acknowledged at the foremost of this video.  Although our authorities has non ever followed that regulation well, it is business office of our exceptional national character. Progressive in addition to nationalist politicians violated those values when they slow unopen the border inward the belatedly 19th and early on 20th centuries. Today, many self-described conservatives are the biggest proponents for rejecting Western Civilization’s ancient pro-immigration history, a history that is particularly relevant inward the United States.    

Lady Liberty may live on shedding tears – non because we’ve stopped welcoming immigrants, but because our ill-conceived immigration policies are threatening the American Dream. 

This determination does non follow from the arguments inward Malkin’s video. Americans are getting richer, achieving more, in addition to leading the Earth inward numerous endeavors spell immigration is increasing. Although Malkin does non define what the “American Dream” is, it’s sure non diminishing. H5N1 non bad stair out of the vitality of the American Dream is the tens of millions of foreigners who desire to immigrate hither in addition to go Americans. We should all live on proud that immigrants from around the Earth desire to come upward hither in addition to bring together our country. Our authorities should allow them to exercise hence to a greater extent than easily in addition to cheaply because it is inward our best interests to in addition to consistent alongside our values. 

The inward a higher identify originally appeared at Cato.org.

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